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Auhodesk has written a column in Photoshop User Magazine since You can contact him through his website at www. Думаю, anydesk free for windows 10 filehippo извиняюсь can rest assured that spending your auutocad learning AutoCAD will be a wise investment, and the skills you obtain in this book will be useful for years to come.

I tutodial to welcome you in beginning the process of learning AutoCAD. It will give you great satisfaction to learn such a complex program and use it to design and document whatever you dream up.

Who Should Read his Book This нажмите чтобы увидеть больше is for students, hobbyists, professional architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders, landscape architects, or anyone who communicates through technical drawings as part of their work. See www. This book autoca features an appendix that can help you focus your studies on the skills you will need for the certiica- tion exams.

Each chapter features multiple exercises that take you step by step through the many complex procedures of AutoCAD. The download windows photo gallery for windows 10 of performing these steps on autodesk 3ds max 2017 essentials free download own is to develop skills that you can apply to many different real-world situations.

Although each project presents different obstacles and opportunities, I urge you to focus on the concepts and techniques presented rather than memorizing the speciic steps used to achieve the desired result.

The actual steps performed may vary in each geometric situation. After you achieve the desired result, start over and experiment using the same techniques on your own project whether invented or autodesk autocad 2015 tutorial pdf free.

After you have practiced, think about ffee you have autodad the desired result and you will get the most out of this book. The follow- ing are system requirements for running either version on the different operat- ing systems in which they are offered. See knowledge. You can also access additional tools and materials tutoria help you design, visualize, and simulate ideas. Connect with other learners to stay current with the latest industry trends and get the most out of your designs.

Get started today at www. The drawing aids cov- ered with step-by-step exercises in this chapter include grid and snap, ortho and polar tracking, PolarSnap, running autodesk autocad 2015 tutorial pdf free snaps, the From snap, and object snap tracking. Chapter 5: Shaping Curves The autoddesk exercise in this chapter teaches you how to create complex curves with NURBS-based splines, curved polylines, and ellipses.

Chapter Creating and Editing text The written word is undeniably a part of every drawing. This chapter teaches you how to create both single- and multiline text, how to edit any text, and how to control its appearance through text styles and object properties. Chapter Keeping In Control with Constraints This chapter teaches you how to add geometric and dimensional constraints to objects so that their ultimate form is controlled by mathematical formulas. The formulas in the examples are tutorizl simple as adding two dimensions or calculating the diameter of a circle from its radius.

Chapter Working with Data Attributes, ields, and tables are the sub- jects of this chapter on managing data. The Certiication Objective margin icon will alert you to augocad that are Certification especially relevant to AutoCAD certiication. See the certiication appendix Objective and www.

By buying this book, you have already taken the irst step in this journey. Autodesk autocad 2015 tutorial pdf free you inish, you will have a solid understanding of AutoCAD.

You have the option of automatically storing up to 5 GB of tuorial drawing iles in aktodesk cloud for free. The Dashboard is a new feature in AutoCAD that appears when you launch the program and whenever you create ppdf ile tabs.

You can autodesk autocad 2015 tutorial pdf free ate new drawings, access existing drawings, connect to AutoCADand receive notiications all on the Dashboard. Exercise 1. Sign in with an Autodesk ID or email autofesk and password. Take advantage of free cloud storage while you This loads the full AutoCAD user interface, which you will learn about in the use this book.

Storing next exercise. You will learn /38233.txt the ribbon in Exercise 1. Although this book was autdoesk using AutoCAD has a user interface that is customized to running on Windows 7, you can use it to learn any of the current versions of the Mac experience. Although the Mac user interface is not covered in this book, Exercise 1. Click the Application menu to open it. Type polygon, and observe Certification Objective that the text appears in the search box at the top of the Application menu.

Autocav search results see Figure 1. Click the red X at the extreme right edge of the search box to make the initial Application menu interface reappear.

Here you can create new or open existing drawings, export or print drawings, and more. Hover the cursor over Open, and then click Drawing Figure 1.

AutoCAD has many palettes to optional feature in organize tools and reusable drawing content. Click the Sheet Views tab along the right edge of the Sheet Set Manager, and observe that tabs provide a means of accessing addi- tional interface content. In its present state, the Sheet Set Manager ftee a loating palette. Drag its palette bar, and relocate it on screen. Click the Auto-hide toggle, and watch the palette collapse to its verti- cal palette bar; this saves space on screen. Hover the cursor over the Drag floating auyocad palette bar, and watch the whole palette reappear so that you can to a secondary moni- tor if you have one to access its content.

Now toggle Auto-hide off. Click the Autodesk autocad 2015 tutorial pdf free menu and select Anchor Left. The Sheet Set Manager palette is docked along the left edge of the user inter- face.

You can fre many gree to organize the user interface to match the way you work. Select Sheet Views on the Tabbed interface. A new drawing appears in the drawing window. Click the Open button autoxad the Quick Access toolbar. Select any draw- Objective ing in the Manufacturing folder and click Open. The Quick Access Move the cursor over the current drawing tab tutoeial click Brush Roller toolbar is a convenient Sub Assy to reopen the layout.

Click the Save button on the Quick Access toolbar. Close the sample iles by clicking the X in autoresk upper-right corner of the drawing window.

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(PDF) Tutorial Autocad pdf | Bùi Duy Chương - . Autodesk autocad 2015 tutorial pdf free

 

Click the line segment on the right side of the incomplete copy machine to lengthen it toward the right. Type S for Stretch , and press Enter. Click points A and B as shown in Figure 4. Toggle on Ortho if it is not already on. Click a base point off to the right side of the door opening, well away from the geometry so that you do not inadvertently snap to anything. The wall, door, and swing end up more or less centered on the wall. MIRROR cre- ates a reversed object at a distance from the original object as determined by the position of a drawn relection line.

Click the Offset tool in the Modify panel. Select the elliptical arc at the bottom edge of the Copy Room. The command line asks you to specify a point to determine on which side of the selection to offset the new object. In this case, click any- where above the elliptical arc, and a new ellipse is created such that its curvature matches the original but is spaced a set distance away. Press Esc to exit the command. Type F for Fillet , press Enter, and click the new elliptical arc and the inner line of the adjacent vertical wall on the right.

Press the space- bar to repeat the FILLET command, and click the elliptical arc and inner line of the adjacent vertical wall on the left. The intersections between the wall objects are cleaned up see Figure 4.

Zoom into the furniture system that is missing two desks in the upper-right quadrant of the building. Click the Mirror tool in the Modify panel. Make crossing and individual line selections to select the desks and chairs shown in Figure 4. Double-click the mouse wheel to zoom to the drawing extents. Select the furniture system indicated in Figure 4. For the irst point of the mirror line, type 0,0 and press Enter. Select this group. Press Enter to complete the The origin point is at command, and decline to erase the source object by pressing Enter the geometric center of again.

Edit with Grips All objects have grips, the square blue symbols that appear in AutoCAD at sig- Certification Objective niicant points when objects are selected without issuing any command. Select the inner line of the window wall directly below the sofas, right-click, and choose Properties from the context menu. Click both sofas and the coffee table in between them to select all three.

Click the grip in the center of the coffee table to activate it and turn it red. Press the spacebar again. Type 'CAL to invoke the command-line calculator transparently. Exercise 5. Figure 5. Click the Polyline tool on the Draw panel of the ribbon. Click the irst Objective point at point A, shown in Figure 5. Type A for Arc , and press Enter. Normally, polyline arcs 2.

Toggle off Ortho and Polar Tracking modes if they are on. Observe are defined by two that the arc you are drawing by default opposes the natural curvature points, and by using the of the lake see Figure 5.

Type S for Second Point and press Enter. Click point B shown in Figure 5. By turning on Node run- ning object snap, you 4. Right-click the Object Snap toggle in the status bar and turn on Node will be able to snap arcs and Endpoint in the menu. Toggle off any other snap options that are to all the point objects selected.

Toggle on Object Snap if it is off. Press the spacebar to repeat the last command. Click point D shown in Figure 5. Click each subsequent node around the right side of the lake until you reach point E in Figure 5. Press Enter. Certification 9.

Click the right polyline, and click outside the lake. Click the sample file are meant outer arc surrounding the pentagonal structure, and then click out- to guide you in the side the lake. Click the Trim tool in the Modify panel. Press Enter to select all necessary when draw- objects as potential cutting edges, and click the portions of the arcs ing curves on your own.

Zoom into the lower highlighted area, and trim the arcs at their tips so that they meet at their endpoints. Certification Pan over to the building at the bottom of the lake. Click the lower- Objective left polyline to select it. Click the endpoint grip, move it down a short distance, and click again see Figure 5. Press Esc, and then click the Undo button in the Quick Access toolbar.

Click the Arc tool in the Draw panel, hold down Shift and right-click, and choose Nearest from the context menu. Click points A, B, and C in Figure 5. Press Enter twice to end and restart the ARC command. Type J for Join , and press Enter. Select all ive objects that comprise Objective the outer path three arcs and two polylines. Press Enter, and the command line reads as follows: 14 segments joined into 1 polyline There are 14 segments if you include all the arcs that make up the two polylines.

You are left with a single polyline marking the outer edge of the path. Press the spacebar to repeat the JOIN command. Select the three objects along the inner edge of the path, which include two polylines Use JOIN to connect and the arc above the pentagon. Press Enter, and multiple segments collinear lines even if there is a gap between are joined into one polyline see Figure 5.

JOIN is the The streamlined JOIN command makes the older workflow unnecessary. Multiple object types can be joined at once. The resulting object type depends on what was selected.

Instead of stretching a cord from two pins to a moving pencil point which is how you draw an ellipse by hand , in AutoCAD you specify the lengths of its major and minor axes see Figure 5. Zoom into the area in the lower left where the remaining point objects are located.

The size of point objects is recalculated when the drawing is regenerated. Certification Objective 3. Open the Ellipse menu in the Draw panel, and choose the Center method.

Click the center point, the end of the major axis, and the end of the minor axis, shown in Figure 5. Every ellipse has four 4. Expand the Modify panel and click the Break button. Select the quadrant points corre- ellipse. The command prompt reads as follows: sponding to the cardi- nal directions: north, BREAK Specify second break point or [First point]: south, west, and east. Click First Point on the command line. Right-click the Object Snap toggle in the status bar, and select Quadrant from the context menu.

Click the quadrant point opposite the point object marking the end of the major axis see Figure 5. The lower half of the ellipse remains, leaving an elliptical arc.

Select the elliptical arc. Press Enter to accept the default when asked if you want to align the block with the selected object. Type 13 for the number of segments , and press Enter. Delete the three points used in drawing the ellipse, the elliptical mand always creates arc itself, and the white circle, which is the original Shrub block. Fortunately, it is easy to switch between CVs and Fit Points editing modes, so you can make up your mind about which method to use to suit the situation.

A control frame connects CVs and represents the maximum possible curvature between adjacent CVs. Shape Splines 93 You will now draw a CV spline around the lake. Begin by opening Ex Click the irst point anywhere along the edge of the lake.

Continue clicking points all the way around the lake. When you get close to the irst point, type C for Close and press Enter. Click the spline you just drew to reveal its CVs see Figure 5. Position the cursor over a CV, and observe the multifunction grip menu. Select Stretch Vertex, move the cursor, and click to relocate CV curves are typically roughed in initially that particular CV. Try adding and removing vertices using the corresponding choices in shape immediately afterward.

Reining a vertex transforms one vertex into two adjacent vertices. Try reining vertices in areas where the curvature is changing rapidly.

Another way to affect the shape of a spline is to adjust the weights of individual CVs. Zoom out until you can see all the vertices, locate the red one, press Enter repeatedly to choose the default option Next , and move the red CV one position at a time until your chosen CV turns red.

Shape Splines 95 Type 2, and press Enter see Figure 5. Type a value appro- need to enter depend priate to your particular situation, and press Enter. We set a weight of entirely on exactly 0. CVs when creating the curve in step 2. Increase the weight of this CV.

The curve is drawn closer to the control frame near the weighted CV. Type X for Exit , and press Enter. Continue adjusting the spline until it closely matches the outline of the lake. Type IM for Image , and press Enter. Close the External References palette. The pond is now represented by a blue curve rather than a blue image see Figure 5. The SKETCH command is admittedly difficult to use with a mouse, so if you have a stylus and a drawing tablet, try using them for a more natural drawing feel.

Controlling the shape of a it curve on the most basic level is a matter of adding more it points in strategic locations. There are a few advanced options affecting the shape of a spline in between it points Tangent, Tolerance, Kink, and Knot Parameterization , and you will use Kink in this exercise to establish sharp points on the spline.

Zoom into the area at the bottom of the lake. More speciically, zoom into the grouping of ive points. Expand the Draw panel, and click the Spline Fit tool at the top left. Toggle on Object Snap mode in the status bar with Node snap on , and click the top point, the point on the right, the bottom, and then the one on the left. Type C for Close , and press Enter. The it curve looks very much like a circle, although it is not perfectly round see Figure 5.

This will be the start of an abstract tree representation. Expand the Modify panel and click the Edit Spline button. Select the curve you drew in step 2.

Choose Fit Data from the dynamic input menu. Then choose Add from the next dynamic input menu that appears. Click the curve in between the top and right points.

To use this feature, click the spline to select it, hover the cursor over the rightmost point, and choose Add Fit Point from the menu that appears. Hold Shift, right-click, and choose Nearest from the context menu. Click a point between the right and bottom points. Repeat the previous step twice, adding additional it points between the bottom, left, and top points see Figure 5.

Click Fit Data from the dynamic prompt menu. Press Enter three times to exit the com- mand fully. Click each kink grip, and move it in toward the center to create an abstract representation of a tree see Figure 5.

Blend Between Objects with Splines 99 Blend curves join the endpoints of the two objects with a curve having either tangent or smooth continuity.

There is a subtle difference between these types of blending. A blend curve with tangent continuity has its control frame parallel to the control frame of the adjacent curve. A blend curve with smooth continuity not only has its control frame parallel to the control frame of the adjacent curve, but the control frames have equal lengths.

A CV spline with tangent continuity blends between the two arcs. Click two adjacent arcs to create another blend curve see Figure 5. Continue blending all the adjacent curves in the tree. All objects have properties that control their appearance—properties such as color, linetype, lineweight, and so on. The layers to which objects are assigned usually con- trol general object properties, but these properties can be set on a per-object basis as well. When you draw a line, you are ultimately specifying its geometric properties the start point and the endpoint.

Geometric properties are the most important factor governing how objects look and determining where the objects are in space. In addition to geometric properties, all objects share a short list of general properties: layer, color, linetype, linetype scale, lineweight, transparency, and thickness. Although general properties are assigned on a per-object basis, they are usually controlled by using layers.

Exercise 6. Figure 6. Zoom into the reception desk at the center of the small ofice plan. Click the Desk-High layer name to activate the Layer drop-down menu see Figure 6. Select the Desk layer in the drop-down see Figure 6. Observe that the line whose layer property you You can change the properties of multiple changed now appears violet, like the other objects on the Desk layer.

However, only the properties that the selected items have in common are displayed. Expand the Layers panel and click the Merge tool. Click one of the brown lines in the upper portion of the reception desk and press Enter. Click the violet line you changed to the Desk layer in step 5 and press Enter. Do you wish to continue? Choose Yes from the dynamic prompt menu. Be careful, though, to 9. The display is regenerated. Expand the Properties panel, and click the List tool.

Pan over and information. Select the View tab on the ribbon and, on the Palettes panel, click the Objective Properties tool to open the Properties panel. Select the Business Development text object you selected in step Many of its properties appear in the panel see Figure 6. Property values that are editable are displayed on a black background when selected. Press Esc to deselect the text object.

You can now close the command shows some Properties panel. Objects are always drawn on the current layer, and there is only one current layer at any given time. Every drawing has at least one layer, layer 0 zero , which is current by default when you create a new drawing. Select the Home tab on the ribbon. Click the Rectangle tool on the Draw panel, and click a point a few inches no need to measure Press Shift, right-click, and choose the None from the lower-left corner of the room. Select the rectangle you drew in the previous step, and change its Layer assign- ment to Furniture in the Quick Properties window that appears.

If you plan on drawing more than one object, a more eficient approach is to set the current layer before drawing so that the new object will have the proper layer assignment automatically. Open the Layer drop-down menu in the Layers panel, and click on or to the right of the word Furniture to set this layer as current see Figure 6.

Pan over to the Marketing space. Click the Rectangle tool on the Draw panel, and click a point a few inches without measuring from the lower-right corner of the room.

Type ,72 or , for metric , and press Enter to create a credenza in Marketing see Figure 6. Select the rectangle you drew in the previous step, and verify that it is on the Furniture layer in the Quick Properties window that appears.

Pan over to the closet in Marketing. One of the lines representing shelves is missing. You will draw the missing line on the same layer as the existing shelf line.

This approach is more efficient than learn- Toggle on Endpoint and Perpendicular running object snap modes on ing the layer name by the status bar, if they are not already on. Click the Line tool on the Draw panel, and draw the line shown in ting its layer current.

Draw this line. Alter the Layer Assignments of Objects Alter the Layer Assignments of objects Although you have already changed the layer assignments of objects using Quick Properties, there are more eficient methods, some of which do not require you to remember a layer name. Type DS, and press Enter. Select the coffee table in Marketing. Notice that the entry in the Layer drop-down in the Layers A preview of property panel changes to layer 0; this does not mean that layer 0 is current changes appears on Millwork is , only that the selected item is on layer 0.

Pan over to the lounge room. Click the Match tool in the Layers panel, select the coffee table in the lounge, and press Enter. The coffee table is now assigned to the same layer as the sofas Furniture.

Certification 8. Click Settings on the command line; the Property Settings dialog box appears. You can match many properties in addition to layers with this tool see Figure 6. Merging Layers You can merge the contents of multiple layers into a single layer. First, select the layers you wish to merge in the Layer Properties Manager using the Ctrl key to select multiple nonsequential layers , right-click, and select Merge Selected Layers To.

You are then presented with a dialog box where you can select the single destination layer from a list. The source layers are automatically purged after their contents are merged into the destination layer.

Control Layer Visibility In traditional drafting, separate drawings would have to be made for the loor plan and the relected ceiling plan to represent the loor and ceiling of the same space. In AutoCAD, simply displaying some layers while hiding others allows you to create some of the drawings required to describe the space graphically. Toggle off the Desk layer as well. Click outside the Layer drop-down menu to close it.

Control Layer Visibilit y 3. Choose Yes from the dynamic prompt. Open the Layer drop-down menu in the Layers panel, and set layer 0 Even though it is off, the Porch layer is still as current.

Click the Zoom Extents tool in the Navigation bar. Notice that there the drawing. The gap disappears 7. Open the Layer drop-down menu in the Layers panel, and freeze because the Porch layer the Porch layer.

Press Esc to close the is no longer calculated drop-down menu. Click the Zoom Extents tool in the Navigation bar again. Click the Lock tool in the Layers panel. Select one of the lights. The Lighting layer is now locked. Type E for Erase , and press Enter. Click on a different light, and observe a tiny padlock appear near the object. Click the Isolate tool on the Layers panel, and then make a crossing selection through one of the windows.

Press Enter, and all the other layers disappear see Figure 6. Select each one of the nine sill lines on the inside of the building and press Enter. Click Name on the command line.

Click the Unisolate tool on the Layers panel. The layers return to the way they were before you used the Isolate tool. Click one of the sills on the outside of the building to turn off the Sill layer and press Enter. Zoom into the entry, and click the Measure tool in the Utilities panel. Click points A and B shown in Figure 6. The tooltip reads 5" Type O for Offset , press Enter, type 5 or Click the header line in the window opening, and then click below it to offset a line on the outer edge of the wall.

Continue clicking each header and a point outside the building to offset a second header line in each window opening. The relected ceiling plan is complete. Expand the Layers panel and open the Unsaved Layer State drop-down menu. Select New Layer State in the drop-down menu see Figure 6. The closed drop-down now says Relected Ceiling Plan. Click the Turn All Layers On tool. Click the adjacent Thaw All Layers tool. Apply Linetype 5. Click the Freeze tool in the Layers panel, and select the following objects: light, switch, header, and computer.

The layers Lighting, Electrical, Header, and Equipment are frozen. Type Furniture Plan in layers. Open the Layer State drop-down menu, and select Relected Ceiling layers. Plan see Figure 6. Who Should Read This Book This book is for students, hobbyists, professional architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders, landscape architects, or anyone who communicates through technical drawings as part of their work. See www. This book also features an appendix that can help you focus your studies on the skills you will need for the certification exams.

Each chapter features multiple exercises that take you step by step through the many complex procedures of AutoCAD. The goal of performing these steps on your own is to develop skills that you can apply to many different real-world situations. Although each project presents different obstacles and opportunities, I urge you to focus on the concepts and techniques presented rather than memorizing the specific steps used to achieve the desired result.

The actual steps performed may vary in each geometric situation. After you achieve the desired result, start over and experiment using the same techniques on your own project whether invented or real. After you have practiced, think about how you have achieved the desired result and you will get the most out of this book. The following are system requirements for running either version on the different operating systems in which they are offered.

See knowledge. You can also access additional tools and materials to help you design, visualize, and simulate ideas.

Connect with other learners to stay current with the latest industry trends and get the most out of your designs. Get started today at www. The drawing aids covered with step-by-step exercises in this chapter include grid and snap, ortho and polar tracking, PolarSnap, running object snaps, the From snap, and object snap tracking.

This chapter teaches you how to create both single- and multiline text, how to edit any text, and how to control its appearance through text styles and object properties. The formulas in the examples are as simple as adding two dimensions or calculating the diameter of a circle from its radius. I n t r o d u c t i o n xix The Essentials Series The Essentials series from Sybex provides outstanding instruction for readers who are just beginning to develop their professional skills.

The Certification Objective margin icon will alert you to passages that are especially relevant to AutoCAD certification. See the certification appendix and www.

By buying this book, you have already taken the first step in this journey. When you finish, you will have a solid understanding of AutoCAD. You have the option of automatically storing up to 5 GB of your drawing files in the cloud for free. The Dashboard is a new feature in AutoCAD that appears when you launch the program and whenever you create new file tabs.

You can create new drawings, access existing drawings, connect to AutoCAD , and receive notifications all on the Dashboard. Exercise 1. Sign in with an Autodesk ID or email address and password. Storing your files offsite in the cloud is an effective backup strategy. This loads the full AutoCAD user interface, which you will learn about in the next exercise. Sign In to Autodesk on the Dashboard F ig u re 1. You will learn about the ribbon in Exercise 1.

Although the Mac user interface is not covered in this book, its commands and capabilities are similar to those in AutoCAD for Windows albeit with a slightly reduced set of features. The two Windows versions look nearly identical and function in almost the same way. Click the Application menu to open it. Type polygon, and observe that the text appears in the search box at the top of the Application menu.

The search results see Figure 1. Certification Objective F ig u re 1. Click the red X at the extreme right edge of the search box to make the initial Application menu interface reappear. Here you can create new or open existing drawings, export or print drawings, and more. Hover the cursor over Open, and then click Drawing Figure 1.

The Sheet Set Manager appears when the sample file is opened see Figure 1. AutoCAD has many palettes to organize tools and reusable drawing content. Click the Sheet Views tab along the right edge of the Sheet Set Manager, and observe that tabs provide a means of accessing additional interface content.

In its present state, the Sheet Set Manager is a floating palette. Drag its palette bar, and relocate it on screen. Click the Auto-hide toggle, and watch the palette collapse to its vertical palette bar; this saves space on screen. Hover the cursor over the palette bar, and watch the whole palette reappear so that you can access its content. Now toggle Auto-hide off. Click the Palette-properties menu and select Anchor Left.

The Sheet Set Manager palette is docked along the left edge of the user interface. You can use many options to organize the user interface to match the way you work. Select Sheet Views on the Tabbed interface. A new drawing appears in the drawing window. Click the Open button in the Quick Access toolbar. Select any drawing in the Manufacturing folder and click Open.

Move the cursor over the current drawing tab and click Brush Roller Sub Assy to reopen the layout. Click the Save button on the Quick Access toolbar. The drawing is saved locally on your hard drive and a backup copy is also automatically uploaded to your Autodesk account. Close the sample files by clicking the X in the upper-right corner of the drawing window. However, leave the empty Drawing1 open. Paper space is a two-dimensional area analogous to, and having the dimensions of, a sheet of paper.

Model space, on the other hand, is a single three-dimensional volume where everything is drawn in actual size. Model space is typically scaled down in viewports and displayed in the paper space of layouts.

Most of the drawing you will do in AutoCAD will be in model space. A drawing can have only one model space, whereas any number of layouts displaying model space through viewports can be saved in the same file.

The ribbon is therefore an important feature that was introduced to AutoCAD Choose the 3D Basics workspace from the drop-down menu in the Quick Access toolbar. The ribbon replaces all the Classic menus and toolbars see Figure 1.

Close the Tool Palettes if it is open. Workspaces Workspaces not to be confused with drawing spaces are stored sets of user interface controls, which include floating palettes and the configuration of the ribbon. People use workspaces to configure the interface quickly for the task at hand. Tabbed interface Typical panel Minimize ribbon F ig u re 1.

Click the Minimize Ribbon button, and observe that the full ribbon changes to display tabs and panel buttons see Figure 1. Hover the cursor over the panel buttons. The buttons expand to reveal all the tools shown on the full ribbon.

Panel buttons Panel titles Ribbon tabs F ig u re 1. Use one of the minimized modes to save space on the screen. AutoCAD is based on commands. If you know the name of a command, you can type it instead of finding it in the GUI. Click the Minimize Ribbon button again. The panel buttons change into panel titles. Click the Minimize Ribbon button once again.

Click the Home tab to reveal the full panel temporarily. This book is part of a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all of which are writ- ten by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching. Sybex was founded in From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available. I hope you see all that relected in these pages. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at contactus wiley.

Customer feedback is criti- cal to our efforts at Sybex. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the professional team at Sybex an imprint of Wiley for all their hard work. He has written a column in Photoshop User Magazine since You can contact him through his website at www. You can rest assured that spending your time learning AutoCAD will be a wise investment, and the skills you obtain in this book will be useful for years to come. I wish to welcome you in beginning the process of learning AutoCAD.

It will give you great satisfaction to learn such a complex program and use it to design and document whatever you dream up. Who Should Read his Book This book is for students, hobbyists, professional architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders, landscape architects, or anyone who communicates through technical drawings as part of their work.

See www. This book also features an appendix that can help you focus your studies on the skills you will need for the certiica- tion exams. Each chapter features multiple exercises that take you step by step through the many complex procedures of AutoCAD. The goal of performing these steps on your own is to develop skills that you can apply to many different real-world situations. Although each project presents different obstacles and opportunities, I urge you to focus on the concepts and techniques presented rather than memorizing the speciic steps used to achieve the desired result.

The actual steps performed may vary in each geometric situation. After you achieve the desired result, start over and experiment using the same techniques on your own project whether invented or real. After you have practiced, think about how you have achieved the desired result and you will get the most out of this book. The follow- ing are system requirements for running either version on the different operat- ing systems in which they are offered.

See knowledge. You can also access additional tools and materials to help you design, visualize, and simulate ideas. Connect with other learners to stay current with the latest industry trends and get the most out of your designs. Get started today at www. The drawing aids cov- ered with step-by-step exercises in this chapter include grid and snap, ortho and polar tracking, PolarSnap, running object snaps, the From snap, and object snap tracking.

Chapter 5: Shaping Curves The landscape exercise in this chapter teaches you how to create complex curves with NURBS-based splines, curved polylines, and ellipses. Chapter Creating and Editing text The written word is undeniably a part of every drawing.

This chapter teaches you how to create both single- and multiline text, how to edit any text, and how to control its appearance through text styles and object properties.

Chapter Keeping In Control with Constraints This chapter teaches you how to add geometric and dimensional constraints to objects so that their ultimate form is controlled by mathematical formulas. The formulas in the examples are as simple as adding two dimensions or calculating the diameter of a circle from its radius.

Chapter Working with Data Attributes, ields, and tables are the sub- jects of this chapter on managing data. The Certiication Objective margin icon will alert you to passages that are Certification especially relevant to AutoCAD certiication.

See the certiication appendix Objective and www. By buying this book, you have already taken the irst step in this journey. When you inish, you will have a solid understanding of AutoCAD. You have the option of automatically storing up to 5 GB of your drawing iles in the cloud for free. The Dashboard is a new feature in AutoCAD that appears when you launch the program and whenever you create new ile tabs. You can cre- ate new drawings, access existing drawings, connect to AutoCAD , and receive notiications all on the Dashboard.

Exercise 1. Sign in with an Autodesk ID or email address and password. Take advantage of free cloud storage while you This loads the full AutoCAD user interface, which you will learn about in the use this book. Storing next exercise. You will learn about the ribbon in Exercise 1. Although this book was written using AutoCAD has a user interface that is customized to running on Windows 7, you can use it to learn any of the current versions of the Mac experience.

Although the Mac user interface is not covered in this book, Exercise 1. Click the Application menu to open it. Type polygon, and observe Certification Objective that the text appears in the search box at the top of the Application menu. The search results see Figure 1. Click the red X at the extreme right edge of the search box to make the initial Application menu interface reappear. Here you can create new or open existing drawings, export or print drawings, and more. Hover the cursor over Open, and then click Drawing Figure 1.

AutoCAD has many palettes to optional feature in organize tools and reusable drawing content. Click the Sheet Views tab along the right edge of the Sheet Set Manager, and observe that tabs provide a means of accessing addi- tional interface content. In its present state, the Sheet Set Manager is a loating palette. Drag its palette bar, and relocate it on screen. Click the Auto-hide toggle, and watch the palette collapse to its verti- cal palette bar; this saves space on screen.

Hover the cursor over the Drag floating palettes palette bar, and watch the whole palette reappear so that you can to a secondary moni- tor if you have one to access its content. Now toggle Auto-hide off. Click the Palette-properties menu and select Anchor Left. The Sheet Set Manager palette is docked along the left edge of the user inter- face. You can use many options to organize the user interface to match the way you work.

Select Sheet Views on the Tabbed interface. A new drawing appears in the drawing window. Click the Open button in the Quick Access toolbar. Select any draw- Objective ing in the Manufacturing folder and click Open.

The Quick Access Move the cursor over the current drawing tab and click Brush Roller toolbar is a convenient Sub Assy to reopen the layout. Click the Save button on the Quick Access toolbar. Close the sample iles by clicking the X in the upper-right corner of the drawing window. You can also switch between model and However, leave the empty Drawing1 open.

Paper space is a two-dimensional area analogous to, and having the dimensions of, a sheet of paper. Model space, on the other hand, is a single three-dimensional volume where everything is drawn in actual size. Model space is typically scaled down in viewports and displayed in the paper space of layouts. Most of the drawing you will do in AutoCAD will be in model space.

A drawing can have only one model space, whereas any number of layouts displaying model space through viewports can be saved in the same file. The ribbon is therefore an important fea- ture that was introduced to AutoCAD The ribbon replaces all the Classic menus and toolbars see Figure 1. Close the Tool Palettes if it is open.

Workspaces Workspaces not to be confused with drawing spaces are stored sets of user inter- face controls, which include floating palettes and the configuration of the ribbon. People use workspaces to configure the interface quickly for the task at hand. Click the Minimize Ribbon button, and observe that the full ribbon changes to display tabs and panel buttons see Figure 1. Hover the cursor over the panel buttons. The buttons expand to reveal all the tools shown on the full ribbon.

Click the Minimize Ribbon button again. The panel buttons change into panel titles. Certification 4. Click the Minimize Ribbon button once again. Click the Home tab to reveal the full panel temporarily. It disappears after you move the cursor away. Click the Minimize Ribbon button one last time. The full ribbon interface is restored. I recommend using the full ribbon interface 6. Click the Edit button at the bottom of the Edit panel to reveal addi- until you learn the tional tools.

Hover the mouse over one of the tools to display a tooltip location of all the tools. Use one of the mini- that identiies the tool and describes its function. Holding the cur- mized modes to save sor still a while longer reveals an image that illustrates what the tool space on the screen.

If you know the name of a com- 7. Observe that the bottom of the tooltip shown in Figure 1. The ribbon, menus, instead of finding it in toolbars, and palettes are all graphical alternatives to typing the GUI. Press and release the Alt key. Keytips appear on the ribbon see Figure 1. Pressing any of the letter combinations activates that part of the GUI. Type IN, and observe that the Insert tab is selected without moving the cursor.

The bottom line, Command:, is called the command line. It is the active line where com- mands appear, regardless of whether they are typed or triggered from the GUI. The complete history of commands scrolls upward as new commands are entered.

The If you undock the icons that have arrows adjacent to them open menus. Toggle off all command line, it can the status bar toggles so that none of their icons are highlighted in be configured to be blue. Open the customization menu by clicking the rightmost icon partially transparent on the status bar and deselect Clean Screen, Coordinates, Isometric and to show a number of lines of prompt Drafting, and Annotation Monitor from the context menu that history.

You can control which buttons appear on the status bar using this menu. Type POL, and observe how the AutoComplete feature highlights commands in alphabetical order as you type see Figure 1. Use the arrow keys to move up or down through the list, and press Enter when you ind the command for which you are looking, or click its name in the list, instead of typing the entire word. Take a look at the InfoCenter at the top right of the screen see Objective Figure 1.

Click in the search box and type solid. Multiple online books are searched and relevant results appear in the left panel. Click the Help button on the right edge of the InfoCenter. The Help Table of Contents page opens in your browser. Architectural Most American architects will choose this type, which displays units in feet and inches.

The hyphen is used to separate inches from fractions of an inch rather than feet from inches. Set drawing Units 13 Decimal Metric users should select this type. One decimal unit can be equal to one millimeter, one centimeter, or any metric unit that you decide. Engineering Like the Architectural type, engineering units feature feet and inches, but the inches are represented in decimal form—for example, Fractional American woodworkers often prefer to set AutoCAD drawings in fractional units of inches because that is how their work is normally reckoned.

Scientific In scientiic units, Click the New button on the Quick Access toolbar. Most commands have aliases that minimize typing. Select Architectural from the Type drop-down menu. Metric users should commands command select Decimal length units. Commands 4. Click the Insertion Scale drop-down menu, and select Inches or Centimeters for metric. Click OK to close the Drawing Units dialog box. You will learn how to correct mistakes, navigate two-dimensional space, and use coordinate systems to draw accu- rately.

Exercise 2. Type 1 and press Enter. The Navigation bar means off. The last used tool appears on top. Click the Zoom In icon again, and the view is magniied by another factor of 2. Click Pan in the Navigation bar, drag the mouse from left to right, and then press Enter to end the command. Instead of changing the size of objects, 4. For an alternative method, press and hold the mouse wheel and pan Zoom merely increases the drawing to center the refrigerator on the canvas as shown in the magnification of Figure 2.

In is an option of the ZOOM command. Drag up in the document window to zoom in until the refrigerator ills the screen, and then press Esc. Pan to the lower-left corner of the refrigerator by right-clicking, choosing Pan from the context menu, and dragging in the canvas. Press Esc to end the command. The area of the rectangle you There are many meth- draw is magniied to ill the canvas.

Roll the mouse wheel forward to zoom in further, and drag the mouse wheel if necessary to reveal the object in the lower-left corner of the refrigerator see Figure 2. Type Z, and press the spacebar. Type P and press Enter to execute small text objects; this Zoom Previous. Repeat this process until you onstrate the unlimited zoom capability of can see the entire refrigerator.

You can choose an option by typing its blue letter and pressing Enter, by clicking the highlighted option on the command line itself, or by pressing the down arrow key and selecting the option from a dynamic input menu in the drawing window. The default option is indicated in angled brackets, which in the case of the ZOOM command is real time.

You initiate the default option by either clicking Enter or pressing the spacebar. To see everything that has been drawn, you can use the Extents option of the ZOOM command or, better yet, use this special shortcut: double-click the mouse wheel.

Position the cursor over the bath- room sink, and roll the mouse wheel forward to zoom in. Notice that the view stays centered on the sink without your having to pan see Figure 2. Drag the mouse wheel to make slight panning adjust- ments if necessary to center the target object on the screen. Save your work. Navigation should Your model should now resemble Ex You will begin by drawing some lines and rectangles without worry- ing yet about entering measurements.

To start, open the ile Ex Position the cursor over the lower-right portion of the loor plan and drag upward to zoom so that the empty space of the living room ills the canvas. Status toggles are highlighted in blue when they are on You will use some of and appear in gray when they are off see Figure 2. Click two arbitrary points to deine a line object see Figure 2. Click another point to draw your second segment.

The prompt on the command line reads as follows: LINE Specify next point or [Undo]: Press the down-arrow key and then click Undo in the dynamic menu that appears near the cursor.

The last point you clicked is undone, but the rubber band continues to be connected to the cur- sor, indicating that you can keep drawing lines. Click two more points, and then type C for the Close option and press Enter to create a closing segment between the irst and last points.

The Close option automatically terminates the line command. Click two arbitrary points to create a single line segment. Right-click to open the context menu, and then select Enter with a left-click to complete the LINE command. Open the Application menu and click the Options button at the bot- tom. Click the User Preferences tab in the Options dialog box that appears.

Try it out to see if you find drawing 8. Select the Home tab in the ribbon, and click the Line tool in the lines in this way more Draw panel. Click two points, and draw another line. Right-click efficient. Right-click again to repeat the last command, and then click two points on the canvas.

Your model should now resemble Ex To begin, open the ile Ex Click the Rectangle tool in the Draw panel, and then click two oppo- Certification Objective site corner points on the canvas. Unlike the LINE command, this command automatically terminates when the rectangle is drawn. Press Enter to repeat the last command. Click the irst corner point in the document window. You will again take the default option in this prompt, which is to specify the other corner point.

Click the other corner point, and the rectangle is drawn. In addition, the command is automatically terminated. Type F, and press Enter to execute the Fillet option. Type 2 or 5 for metric , and press Enter. Click two points to draw the rectangle. Draw another rectangle, and observe that it also has rounded cor- ners.

Some options such as the illet radius are sticky; they stay the same until you change them. Zero out the Fillet option by pressing the spacebar, typing F, pressing Enter, typing 0, and pressing Enter again. Click two points to draw a sharp-edged rectangle. The next time you launch AutoCAD, the Drawing Recovery Manager will automatically appear, allowing you to recover drawings that were open and possibly corrupted when the program unexpectedly came to a halt.

Type L, and press Enter. Click two points on the canvas, and then press the Esc key; the LINE command is terminated but the single segment you just created remains. The Esc key will get you out of any running command or dialog box.

Type E, and press the spacebar. Click the line created in step 1, and Certification Objective then right-click; the segment is erased. Click the Line tool in the Draw panel, click four points on the canvas making three segments , and then right-click to inish the LINE command. Click each of the segments, one at a time. Click the Undo arrow on the Quick Access toolbar.

The lines you deleted in step 4 reappear. Click the Redo button, and the lines disappear again. Press the Delete key to erase the selected objects. Select Erase from the menu to it is a very forgiving undo the previous step. You can draw objects in Euclidean space using the following coordinate systems: Cartesian, polar, cylindrical, and spherical.

Cartesian coordinates are useful for drawing rectangles with speciic length and width measurements. Polar coordinates are used most often for drawing lines with speciic lengths and angles, with respect to horizontal. Once you learn coordinate system syntax, you can use the systems interchangeably to draw accurately in any context. In the Cartesian system, every point is deined by three values, expressed in terms of distances along the x-, y-, and z-axes.

In two-dimensional drawings, the z-coordinate value of all objects is 0, so objects are expressed solely in terms of x- and y-coordinates see Figure 2. Click the Line tool on the Draw panel. The origin point of Euclidean space has coordinates 0 in x and 0 in y, which is written as 0,0. Right-click to inish the LINE command. Certification 1. Click an arbitrary point in the Objective middle of the living room. Right-click in the drawing canvas, and hold for longer than mil- tively speaking.

Select the irst coordinate value from the Recent Input menu see Figure 2. A rubber band connects the right end of the horizontal line to the cursor. Click the Rectangle tool on the Draw panel, and then click an arbi- trary point at the bottom of the living room.

The same rect- It is very efficient to angle that you more laboriously drew with lines is already done. Use Coordinate Systems 27 Exercise 2.

In polar coordinates, points are located using two measurements: the distance from the origin point and the angle from zero degrees see Figure 2. East is the default direction of zero degrees. These defaults 1. Press L, and then press the spacebar. The line is drawn to the left from the irst point because degrees is the same direction as angle zero but leads in the opposite direction.

Negative angles are measured clockwise from angle zero by default. UCS stands for user coordinate system. Type on, and press Enter. An icon indicating the directions of the positive x- and y-axes is displayed in the lower-left corner of the canvas see Figure 2. FIGuR E 2. Type UCS, and press Enter. Type Z, and press Enter. Type 90, and press Enter to rotate the coordinate system.

Observe that the UCS icon has changed to relect the new orientation see Figure 2. The house is reoriented with respect to the current UCS see Figure 2.

The new line has a dif- ferent orientation with respect to the original line you drew in step 1 see Figure 2. To restore the current coordinate system to its original state, called the world coordinate system WCS , type UCS and press Enter twice.

The plan is oriented to the WCS as it was initially. Both lines were drawn at a degree angle but in different coordinate systems. Observe that north is up again in the ViewCube. Draw Circles, Arcs, and Polygons Arcs are sections of circles. Polygons are regular igures made of straight seg- ments such as a triangle, square, pentagon, or hexagon. A polygon with a large number of segments may look like a circle but is fundamentally different. There are many options for creating circles, arcs, and polygons.

AutoCAD pro- vides these options to make it easier to create accurate shapes based on all the types of geometric situations that typically arise in drawings. Lengthen and Stretch. Offset and Mirror. Edit with Grips. Draw Ellipses. Shape Splines. Blend Between Objects with Splines. Set the Current Layer. Alter the Layer Assignments of Objects. Control Layer Visibility.

Apply Linetype. Assign Properties by Object or by Layer. Manage Layer Properties. Isolate Objects. Chapter 7 Or g anizing O bje c t s Define Blocks. Insert Blocks. Edit Blocks.

Redefine Blocks. Work with Groups. Associate Hatches with Boundaries. Hatch with Patterns. Hatch with Gradients. Chapter 9 Work with Global Blocks. Access Content Globally. Store Content on Tool Palettes. Reference External Drawings and Images. Write Lines of Text. Edit Text.

Chapter 11 Dimensioning Style Dimensions. Apply Dimensional Constraints. Constrain Objects Simultaneously with Geometry and Dimensions.

Create Layouts. Adjust Floating Viewports. Draw on Layouts. Create Plot Style Tables. Use Plot Style Tables. Plot in Model Space. Plot Layouts in Paper Space. Export to an Electronic Format. Chapter 15 Geolocate Projects. Insert Attributed Blocks. Edit Table Styles and Create Tables. Use Fields in Table Cells. Edit Table Data. Work with Tiled Viewports. Navigate with the ViewCube. Orbit in 3D. Use Cameras. Navigate with SteeringWheels. Learn to Save Views. Place and Adjust Lights.

Create Renderings. Document Models with Drawings. Appendix Create Surface Models. Edit Surface Models. Create Solid Models. Edit Solid Models. Smooth Mesh Models. You can rest assured that spending your time learning AutoCAD will be a wise investment, and the skills you obtain in this book will be useful for years to come. I wish to welcome you in beginning the process of learning AutoCAD. It will give you great satisfaction to learn such a complex program and use it to design and document whatever you dream up.

Who Should Read This Book This book is for students, hobbyists, professional architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders, landscape architects, or anyone who communicates through technical drawings as part of their work. See www. This book also features an appendix that can help you focus your studies on the skills you will need for the certification exams.

Each chapter features multiple exercises that take you step by step through the many complex procedures of AutoCAD. The goal of performing these steps on your own is to develop skills that you can apply to many different real-world situations.

Although each project presents different obstacles and opportunities, I urge you to focus on the concepts and techniques presented rather than memorizing the specific steps used to achieve the desired result. The actual steps performed may vary in each geometric situation.

After you achieve the desired result, start over and experiment using the same techniques on your own project whether invented or real. After you have practiced, think about how you have achieved the desired result and you will get the most out of this book. The following are system requirements for running either version on the different operating systems in which they are offered.

See knowledge. You can also access additional tools and materials to help you design, visualize, and simulate ideas. Connect with other learners to stay current with the latest industry trends and get the most out of your designs. Get started today at www. The drawing aids covered with step-by-step exercises in this chapter include grid and snap, ortho and polar tracking, PolarSnap, running object snaps, the From snap, and object snap tracking.

This chapter teaches you how to create both single- and multiline text, how to edit any text, and how to control its appearance through text styles and object properties. The formulas in the examples are as simple as adding two dimensions or calculating the diameter of a circle from its radius.

I n t r o d u c t i o n xix The Essentials Series The Essentials series from Sybex provides outstanding instruction for readers who are just beginning to develop their professional skills. The Certification Objective margin icon will alert you to passages that are especially relevant to AutoCAD certification. See the certification appendix and www.

By buying this book, you have already taken the first step in this journey. When you finish, you will have a solid understanding of AutoCAD. You have the option of automatically storing up to 5 GB of your drawing files in the cloud for free.

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